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Wangiella spp.
(described by McGinnis in 1977)
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Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Ascomycota
Order: Chaetothyriales
Genus: Wangiella
Wangiella is a dematiaceous, cosmopolitan fungus that inhabits the soil and plant material. Wangiella may cause various infections in humans.
The only species included in the genus Wangiella is Wangiella dermatitidis. The taxonomic position of this species is not fully consistent. While some authorities classify it in the genus Wangiella as Wangiella dermatitidis, others
prefer to classify it in the genus Exophiala as Exophiala dermatitidis [531].
See the summary of synonyms for the Wangiella spp.
Wangiella dermatitidis is an occasional causative agent of phaeohyphomycosis. Subcutaneous phaehypomycosis [1055] is the most common clinical picture. The infection develops after traumatic implantation of the fungus through the skin. Wangiella dermatitidis is a neurotropic fungus. Central nervous system infections have been reported [416]. It may also cause keratitis, otitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis [2296]. Disseminated infections may develop particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Wangiella dermatitidis may cause bovine abortion and still birth [1219].
Colonies of Wangiella dermatitidis grow slowly. On potato dextrose agar and after incubation at 25°C, the colonies are initially moist, yeast-like, and shiny. Aerial hyphae develop after 3 to 4 weeks of incubation. The color is black from the front and the reverse [1295, 2144].
Wangiella dermatitidis can grow at temperatures as high as 42°C and does not assimilate potassium nitrate [1295, 2144].
The monoclonal antibody used in "Pastorex" Aspergillus antigen test for detection of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen may cross react with Wangiella dermatitidis [1153].
Septate, brown hyphae, conidiophores, phialides, and yeast cells are observed. When a young culture is examined microscopically, the predominant structure is phaeoid (brown), budding, yeast-like cells. As the colony gets older, hyphae and phialides are produced from these cells. Conidiophores are usually poorly differentiated from vegetative hyphae. Phialides are brown, and flask-shaped to cylindrical. They do not have collarettes. Conidia (2-4 x 2.5-6 µm) are brown, one-celled, and round to oval in shape. They are found in clusters at the apices of the phialides and down the sides of the conidiophores [1295, 2144].
Unlike Exophiala spp., Wangiella dermatitidis produces phialides, but not annelides. However and exceptionally, annelide production has been observed in some isolates of Wangiella dermatitidis [1295].
See our histopathology page.
Exophiala
Phaeoannellomyces
Wangiella differs from Exophiala by its ability to grow at 42°C , the absence of annelides, and inability to assimilate potassium nitrate.
No special precautions other than general laboratory precautions are required.
Very limited data are available. Amphotericin B [2212], itraconazole [1490, 2212], terbinafine[1490], and voriconazole [1491] are active in vitro against Wangiella dermatitidis. Voriconazole yields lower MICs compared to itraconazole [1494].
For MICs of various antifungal drugs for Exophiala, see our susceptibility database. (Note: Consistent with the identity used in the original reference where the data are derived from, the organism is cited as Exophiala dermatitidis in the susceptibility database.)
Optimal medical treatment of Wangiella infections is not well-known. Surgical excision appears as the treatment of choice in cases with subcutaneous infection [1055]. Amphotericin B alone or in combination with ketoconazole and rifampin have been used [2296].
PubMed
GenBank
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Wangiella dermatitidis |
Wangiella dermatitidis
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References
416. Chang, C. L., D. S. Kim, D. J. Park, H. J. Kim, C. H. Lee, and J. H. Shin. 2000. Acute cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Wangiella dermatitidis accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia. J Clin Microbiol. 38:1965-1966.
531. de Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M. J. Figueras. 2000. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
1055. Hohl, P. E., H. P. Holley, Jr., E. Prevost, L. Ajello, and A. A. Padhye. 1983. Infections due to Wangiella dermatitidis in humans: report of the first documented case from the United States and a review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis. 5:854-64.
1153. Kappe, R., and A. Schulze-Berge. 1993. New cause for false-positive results with the Pastorex Aspergillus antigen latex agglutination test. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:2489-2490.
1219. Knudtson, W. U., and C. A. Kirkbride. 1992. Fungi associated with bovine abortion in the northern plains states (USA). J Vet Diagn Invest. 4:181-5.
1295. Larone, D. H. 1995. Medically Important Fungi - A Guide to Identification, 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
1490. McGinnis, M. R., and L. Pasarell. 1998. In vitro evaluation of terbinafine and itraconazole against dematiaceous fungi. Med Mycol. 36:243-6.
1491. McGinnis, M. R., and L. Pasarell. 1998. In vitro testing of susceptibilities of filamentous ascomycetes to voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B, with consideration of phylogenetic implication. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:2353-2355.
1494. McGinnis, M. R., L. Pasarell, D. A. Sutton, A. W. Fothergill, C. R. Cooper, and M. G. Rinaldi. 1998. In vitro activity of voriconazole against selected fungi. Med Mycol. 36:239-242.
2144. St-Germain, G., and R. Summerbell. 1996. Identifying Filamentous Fungi - A Clinical Laboratory Handbook, 1st ed. Star Publishing Company, Belmont, California.
2212. Szekely, A., E. M. Johnson, and D. W. Warnock. 1999. Comparison of E-test and broth microdilution methods for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of molds. J Clin Microbiol. 37:1480-1483.
2296. Vartian, C. V., D. M. Shlaes, A. A. Padhye, and L. Ajello. 1985. Wangiella dermatitidis endocarditis in an intravenous drug user. Am J Med. 78:703-7.
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