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Sporobolomyces spp.
(described by Kluyver and van Niel in 1924)
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Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Urediniomycetes
Order:Sporidiales
Family: Sporidiobolaceae
Genus: Sporobolomyces
Sporobolomyces is a yeast commonly isolated from environmental sources, such as air, tree leaves, and orange peels. The natural habitats are humans, mammals, birds, the environment, and plants. Sporobolomyces may cause infections, particularly in immunosupressed patients. Its telemorphs are included in the genus Sporidiobolus [531, 1295, 2202].
The genus Sporobolomyces contains about 20 species. The most common one is Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. See the summary of synonyms and telemorph-anamorph relations for the Sporobolomyces spp.
Sporobolomyces has so far been reported to cause infections (lymphadenitis) in patients with AIDS [1579, 1812]. Dermatitis [230], cerebral infection [1544], and fungemia [1872] due to Sporobolomyces have also been observed.
Sporobolomyces colonies grow rapidly and mature in about 5 days. The optimal growth temperature is 25-30°C. Some isolates may fail to grow well at 35-37°C. The colonies are smooth, often wrinkled, and glistening to dull. The bright red to orange color of the colonies is typical and may resemble Rhodotorula spp. [1295, 2202]
Sporobolomyces produces yeast-like cells, pseudohyphae, true hyphae, and ballistoconidia. The yeast-like cells (blastoconidia, 2-12 x 3-35 µm) are the most common type of conidia and are oval to elongate in shape. Pseudohyphae and true hyphae are often abundant and well-developed. Ballistoconidia are one-celled, usually reniform (kidney-shaped), and are forcibly discharged from denticles located on ovoid to elongate vegetative cells. Once discharged, they function to produce satellite colonies. To see how the ballistoconidia are shot off, an inoculated plate is taped to an uninoculated one, face to face, with the inoculated plate on top, and the two plates are incubated for an extended period at 25°C. Following the incubation, colonies are produced on the initially uninoculated plate and form a mirror image of the colonies that were on the initially inoculated plate [1295, 2202].
Cryptococcus neoformans
Rhodotorula
Tilletiopsis
No special precautions other than general laboratory precautions are required.
Very limited data are available. In a study where very three Sporobolomyces salmonicolor isolates were tested, fluconazole generated highest MICs. Those of itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B appeared similar or lower than the fluconazole MICs [686].
PubMed
GenBank
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Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, members of this genus produce ballistoconidia upon denticles.
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References
230. Bergman, A. G., and C. A. Kauffman. 1984. Dermatitis due to Sporobolomyces infection. Arch Derm. 120:1059-1060.
531. de Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M. J. Figueras. 2000. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
686. Espinel-Ingroff, A. 1998. In vitro activities of the new triazole voriconazole (UK-109,496) against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and common and emerging yeast pathogens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:198-202.
1295. Larone, D. H. 1995. Medically Important Fungi - A Guide to Identification, 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
1544. Misra, V. C., and H. S. Randhawa. 1976. Sporobolomyces salmonicolor var. fischerii, a new yeast. Arch Microbiol. 108:141-143.
1579. Morris, J. T., M. Beckius, and C. K. McAllister. 1991. Sporobolomyces infection in an AIDS patient. J Infect Dis. 164:623-624.
1812. Plzas, J., J. Portilla, V. Boix, and M. Perez-Mateo. 1994. Sporobolomyces salmonicolor lympadenitis in an AIDS patient. Pathogen or passenger? AIDS. 8:387-388.
1872. Rantala, A., J. Niihikoski, and O.-P. Lehtonen. 1995. Yeasts in blood cultures: Impact of early therapy. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 21:557-561.
2202. Sutton, D. A., A. W. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi (ed.). 1998. Guide to Clinically Significant Fungi, 1st ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
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