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Helminthosporium spp.
(described by Link ex Fries
in 1821 nom. cons.)
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Helminthosporium is a dematiaceous filamentous fungus. This genus primarily contains moulds of grasses. Almost all of the species once classified to belong to this genus were later transferred to the genera Bipolaris or Exserohilum. Thus, to the current knowledge, genus Helminthosporium appears to have no clinical significance and is commonly considered as a contaminant isolated from soil and grass [531, 1295].
All but one of the species once included in genus Helminthosporium are now obselete. Helminthosporium solani appears to be the only active species.
Helminthosporium spp. were once reported to be among causative agents of phaehyphomycosis. However, it has later been accepted that these isolates were once erroneously identified as Helminthosporium and were in fact strains belonging to the genera of Bipolaris and Exserohilum [9, 411, 1495, 1727]. Helminthosporium is rarely isolated in the laboratory and appears as a contaminant with no proven pathogenicity for humans or animals.
Helminthosporium colonies grow rapidly and mature in about 5 days. The texture is velvety to wooly. The color is olive green to black from the front and black from the reverse [1295].
Helminthosporium produces hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia. Hyphae are septate. Conidiophores are brown to dark brown, erect, parallel-walled, and ceasing to elongate when the terminal conidium is formed. Conidia are multicellular (six or more-celled), large (9-40 µm), solitary, club-shaped, and pale to dark brown in color. They are located along the sides of the conidiophores and their wider end is towards the conidiophore [1295].
Bipolaris
Drechslera
Exserohilum
Helminthosporium differs from Bipolaris, Drechslera and Exserohilum by forming parallel-walled, erect conidiophores.
No special precautions other than general laboratory precautions are required.
No data are available.
PubMed
GenBank
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Helminthosporium solani
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References
9. Adam, R. D., M. L. Paquin, E. A. Petersen, M. A. Saubolle, M. G. Rinaldi, J. G. Corcoran, J. N. Galgiani, and R. E. Sobonya. 1986. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by the fungal genera Bipolaris and Exserohilum. A report of 9 cases and review of the literature. Medicine. 65:203-17.
411. Chalet, M., D. H. Howard, M. R. McGinnis, and I. Zapatero. 1986. Isolation of Bipolaris australiensis from a lesion of viral vesicular dermatitis on the scalp. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 24:461-5.
531. de Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M. J. Figueras. 2000. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
1295. Larone, D. H. 1995. Medically Important Fungi - A Guide to Identification, 3rd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
1495. McGinnis, M. R., M. G. Rinaldi, and R. E. Winn. 1986. Emerging agents of phaeohyphomycosis: pathogenic species of Bipolaris and Exserohilum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24:250-9.
1727. Pasarell, L., M. R. McGinnis, and P. G. Standard. 1990. Differentiation of medically important isolates of Bipolaris and Exserohilum with exoantigens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1655-7.
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