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Aspergillus nidulans
(Eidam) Winters, 1884
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Colonies on potato dextrose agar at 25°C are dark green with orange to yellow in areas of cleistothecial production. Reverse is purplish to olive. Exudate is usually present and may be brown to purplish. Growth rate is slow to moderate in comparison with other clinically significant Aspergillus species.
Hyphae are septate and hyaline. Conidial heads are columnar. Conidiophores are brown, short (60-150 µm in length), and smooth-walled. Vesicles are hemispherical, small (8-12 µm in diameter), with metulae and phialides occurring on the upper portion. Conidia are globose (3-4 µm) and rough. A. nidulans is a homothallic species capable of producing the teleomorph (sexual stage) without mating studies. The ascomycetous telemorph (Emericella nidulans) produces brown to black globose cleistothecia (100-250 µm) that are engulfed with globose Hülle cells. Ascospores are reddish brown, lenticular (4 x 5 µm), with two longitudinal crests[531, 1215, 1875, 2202].
This species is the etiologic agent of cutaneous aspergillosis [1386], maxillary sinus disease[1066], [1547], osteomyelitis [609], pulmonary disease[1552], [1969], guttural pouch mycosis in a horse[356], [931], and a cerebral abscess[1578]. Resistance to itraconazole being conferred by extra copies of the A-nidulans P-450 14 alpha-demethylase gene, pdmA, has been reported [1698], as well as reports of amphotericin B resistance[1229].
| AMB |
CAS |
ITRA |
VORI |
POSA |
| 0.5 µg/ml=5 |
0.03 µg/ml=2 |
0.03 µg/ml=1 |
0.125 µg/ml=8 |
0.03 µg/ml=2 |
| 1.0 µg/ml=7 |
0.125 µg/ml=2 |
0.06 µg/ml=2 |
0.25 µg/ml=6 |
0.125 µg/ml=2 |
| 2.0 µg/ml=7 |
0.25 µg/ml=2 |
0.125 µg/ml=4 |
2.0 µg/ml=1 |
0.5 µg/ml=1 |
| 8.0 µg/ml=1 |
8.0 µg/ml=2 |
0.25 µg/ml=5 |
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16.0 µg/ml=8 |
0.5 µg/ml=3 |
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8.0 µg/ml=1 |
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| Drug/N |
AMB/20 |
CAS/16 |
ITRA/16 |
VORI/15 |
POSA/5 |
| MIC Range |
0.5-8.0 |
0.03-16.0 |
0.03-8.0 |
0.125-2.0 |
0.03-0.5 |
| MIC50 |
1.0 |
8.0 |
0.25 |
0.125 |
n/a |
| MIC90 |
2.0 |
16 |
0.5 |
0.25 |
n/a |
* Fungus Testing Laboratory unpublished data (NCCLS M38-A)
PubMed
GenBank
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References
356. Cabanes, F. J., L. Monreal, N. Majo, and G. Castella. 2002. Guttural pouch mycosis by Emericella nidulans in a horse. Rev Iberoam Micol. 19:208-11.
531. de Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M. J. Figueras. 2000. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
609. Dotis, J., P. Panagopoulou, J. Filioti, R. Winn, C. Toptsis, C. Panteliadis, and E. Roilides. 2003. Femoral osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus nidulans in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Infection. 31:121-124.
931. Guillot, J., C. Collobert, E. Gueho, M. Mialot, and E. Lagarde. 1997. Emericella nidulans as an agent of guttural pouch mycosis in a horse. J Med Vet Mycol. 35:433-5.
1066. Horre, R., G. Schumacher, G. Marklein, B. Kromer, E. Wardelmann, S. Gilges, G. S. De Hoog, G. Wahl, and K. P. Schaal. 2002. Case Report. Maxillary sinus infection due to Emericella nidulans. Mycoses. 45:402-5.
1215. Klich, M. A., and J. I. Pitt. 1988. A Laboratory Guide to Common Aspergillus Species and their Teleomorphs. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
1229. Kontoyiannis, D. P., R. E. Lewis, G. S. May, N. Osherov, and M. G. Rinaldi. 2002. Aspergillus nidulans is frequently resistant to amphotericin B. Mycoses. 45:406-407.
1386. Lucas, G. M., P. Tucker, and W. G. Merz. 1999. Primary cutaneous Aspergillus nidulans infection associated with a Hickman catheter in a patient with neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis. 29:1594-1596.
1547. Mitchell, R. G., A. J. Chaplin, and D. W. Mackenzie. 1987. Emericella nidulans in a maxillary sinus fungal mass. J Med Vet Mycol. 25:339-41.
1552. Mizuki, M., K. Chikuba, and K. Tanaka. 1994. A case of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus nidulans. Mycopathologia. 128:75-9.
1578. Morris, A., W. A. Schell, D. McDonagh, S. Chaffee, and J. R. Perfect. 1995. Pneumonia due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi and cerebral abscesses due to Emericella nidulans in a bone marrow transplant recipient. Clin Infect Dis. 21:1346-8.
1698. Osherov, N., D. P. Kontoyiannis, A. Romans, and G. S. May. 2001. Resistance to itraconazole in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus is conferred by extra copies of the A- nidulans P-450 14 alpha-demethylase gene, pdmA. J Antimicrob Chemother. 48:75-81.
1875. Raper, K. B., and D. I. Fennell. 1965. The genus Aspergillus. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
1969. Rosen-Wolff, A., A. Koch, W. Friedrich, G. Hahn, M. Gahr, and J. Roesler. 2004. Successful elimination of an invasive Aspergillus nidulans lung infection by voriconazole after failure of a combination of caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. Pediat Inf Dis J. 23:584-586.
2202. Sutton, D. A., A. W. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi (ed.). 1998. Guide to Clinically Significant Fungi, 1st ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
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