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Aspergillus flavus
Link ex Gray, 1821
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Colonies on potato dextrose agar at 25°C are olive to lime green with a cream reverse. Rapid growth. Texture is woolly to cottony to somewhat granular. Sclerotia, when present, are dark brown. A clear to pale brown exudate may be present in some isolates. [1875], [1215], [2202], [531].
Hyphae are septate and hyaline. Conidial heads are radiate to loosely columnar with age. Conidiophores are coarsely roughened, uncolored, up to 800 µm long x 15 – 20 µm wide, vesicles globose to subglobose (20 – 45 µm), metulae (8 – 10 x 5 – 7 µm) covering nearly the entire vesicle in biseriate species. Some isolates may remain uniseriate, producing only phialides (8 - 12 x 3 – 4 µm) covering the vesicle. Conidia are smooth to very finely roughened, globose to subglobose, 3 - 6 µm in diameter [2202], [1875], [1215], [531].
This species is the etiologic agent in a wide range of infections including mycotoxicoses owing to aflotoxins, hypersensitivity pneumonitis [531], otitis[1117], [986], sinusitis [618], and invasive disease. Some reports suggest the disease process may be potentiated by aflotoxins [1576], particularly in the immunocompromised/neutropenic host. Organism is extremely angioinvasive with resultant necrosis and infarction. Effuse, lime green colonies with rough conidiophores and smooth to very finely roughed conidia distinguish this species from the similar Aspergillus parasiticus that produces very rough conidia.
| AMB |
CAS |
ITRA |
VORI |
POSA |
KETO |
5FC |
MICA |
ANID |
| 0.5 µg/ml=9 |
0.03 µg/ml=15 |
0.03 µg/ml=4 |
0.125 µg/ml=2 |
0.03 µg/ml=2 |
1.0 µg/ml=5 |
>64 µg/ml=11 |
0.03 µg/ml=1 |
0.03 µg/ml=1 |
| 1.0 µg/ml=31 |
0.06 µg/ml=9 |
0.06 µg/ml=7 |
0.25 µg/ml=19 |
0.06 µg/ml=10 |
2.0 µg/ml=7 |
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0.125 µg/ml=2 |
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| 2.0 µg/ml=57 |
0.125 µg/ml=31 |
0.125 µg/ml=27 |
0.5 µg/ml=55 |
0.125 µg/ml=9 |
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| 4.0 µg/ml=5 |
0.25 µg/ml=19 |
0.25 µg/ml=19 |
1.0 µg/ml=15 |
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| 8.0 µg/ml=1 |
0.5 µg/ml=1 |
0.5 µg/ml=14 |
4.0 µg/ml=1 |
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| >16 µg/ml=1 |
4.0 µg/ml=1 |
1.0 µg/ml=5 |
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8.0 µg/ml=1 |
2.0 µg/ml=1 |
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>16 µg/ml=2 |
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| Drug/N |
AMB/104 |
CAS/79 |
ITRA/77 |
VORI/92 |
POSA/21 |
| MIC Range |
0.5->16 |
0.03->16 |
0.03-2.0 |
0.25-4.0 |
0.03-0.125 |
| MIC50 |
2.0 |
0.125 |
0.25 |
0.5 |
0.06 |
| MIC90 |
2.0 |
0.25 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
0.125 |
* Fungus Testing Laboratory unpublished data (NCCLS M38-A)
PubMed
GenBank
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References
531. de Hoog, G. S., J. Guarro, J. Gene, and M. J. Figueras. 2000. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd ed, vol. 1. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
618. Drakos, P. E., A. Nagler, R. Or, E. Naparstek, J. Kapelushnik, D. Engelhard, G. Rahav, D. Ne'emean, and S. Slavin. 1993. Invasive fungal sinusitis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 12:203-208.
986. Harley, W. B., J. S. Dummer, T. L. Anderson, and S. Goodman. 1995. Malignant external otitis due to Aspergillus flavus with fulminant dissemination to the lungs. Clin Infect Dis. 20:1052-4.
1117. Jesenska, Z., J. Durkovsky, J. Rosinsky, M. Polak, E. Zamboova, and B. Baca. 1992. Filamentous micromycetes in otitis. Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 41:337-41.
1215. Klich, M. A., and J. I. Pitt. 1988. A Laboratory Guide to Common Aspergillus Species and their Teleomorphs. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
1576. Mori, T., M. Matsumura, K. Yamada, S. Irie, K. Oshimi, K. Suda, T. Oguri, and M. Ichinoe. 1998. Systemic aspergillosis caused by an aflatoxin-producing strain of Aspergillus flavus. Med Mycol. 36:107-112.
1875. Raper, K. B., and D. I. Fennell. 1965. The genus Aspergillus. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
2202. Sutton, D. A., A. W. Fothergill, and M. G. Rinaldi (ed.). 1998. Guide to Clinically Significant Fungi, 1st ed. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
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